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Spoke 12: The Biblewheel and The 12th Century
(Go back to main Menu)Robert the Leper was a power baron of the 12th century from the Principality of Antioch. Walter the Chancellor's contemporaneous chronicle is one of the principal sources of Robert's life:
The 12th book 2Kings 5 mentioned Naaman the Syrian, a captain who was also leprous.
Robert the Leper
| Robert fitz-Fulk | |
|---|---|
| Lord of Zardana | |
| Reign | c. 1112–1119 |
| Lord of Saone | |
| Reign | c. 1117–1119 |
| Successor | William of Zardana |
| Died | August 1119 Damascus |
| Issue | William of Zardana Garenton of Saone |
| Father | Fulk |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Robert fitz-Fulk the Leper, also known as Robert the Leprous (died in August 1119), was a powerful baron in the Principality of Antioch.
Early career[edit]
Walter the Chancellor's contemporaneous chronicle is one of the principal sources of Robert's life.[1] A later author, Usama ibn Munqidh, also mentioned Robert in his Kitab al-I'tibar, because he regarded Robert's life as a good example of bizarre occurrences in human lives.[1] Robert's origin and early life are unknown.[2] He was first mentioned in two charters of the ruler of Antioch, Roger of Salerno in 1108.[3] Both documents referred to Robert as an Antiochene aristocrat.[4]
Robert received Zardana from Roger, probably after the crusaders occupied the fortress in 1111.[5] Located to the east of the Orontes River, Zardana was one of the most important border forts in the principality.[6] Robert must have possessed Zardana when he granted a nearby village, Merdic (identified as Mardikh in Syria), to the Abbey of Our Lady of Josaphat in 1114.[7] His grant was confirmed by Roger.[4] Usama recorded that Robert was befriended by atabeg (or regent) of Damascus, Toghtekin, and they agreed not to attack each other's lands.[8]
Powerful baron[edit]
The Seljuk general Bursuq ibn Bursuq captured the important border fortress of Kafartab on around 3 September 1115.[9] Bursuq started to build siege engines, most probably in preparation for an attack against Zardana.[9] His emerging power menaced the independence of the Muslim rulers of Syria.[10] Toghtekin and the Artuqid emir, Ilghazi, made an alliance with Roger and promised to lead reinforcements to him.[10] Robert accompanied Ilghazi to Apamea where the crusader troops and their Muslim allies were assembling.[9] Roger and his Muslim allies route Bursuq in the Battle of Sarmin on 14 September.[9]
The Antiochene troops captured a series of fortresses near the coast between 1115 and 1119.[11] Saone was captured before 1118, Balatanos in 1118.[11] Roger granted both castles most probably soon to Robert, because Usama referred to Robert as "the lord of Saone, Balatanos and the adjoining region".[12]
Ilghazi almost annihilated the Antiochene army in the Battle of the "Field of Blood" on 28 June 1119.[13] Since Roger died fighting in the battlefield, Baldwin II of Jerusalem and Pons of Tripoli hurried to Antioch in July to defend the principality.[14] The Antiochene barons elected Baldwin II as regent and he promised to protect their estates.[15] Baldwin II ordered the local troops to assemble at Antioch.[16] Robert obeyed the summons and left Zardana for Antioch.[16] Ilghazi laid siege Zardana and captured it on 12 August.[16][17] Learning of the siege of his fortress, William tried to convince Baldwin II to relieve his fortress.[18] He hurried back to Zardana, but he fell off his horse and was captured by Ilghazi's troops.[19]
Robert was taken to Damascus where he offered 10,000 dinars as ransom to Toghtekin.[18] However, he refused to convert to Islam for which Toghtekin beheaded him.[20][18] His skull was decorated with jewels and Toghtekin used it as a drinking cup.[20] Robert's sons, William of Zardana and Garenton of Saone inherited his estates.[1] Robert's descendants possessed Saone until it was captured by Saladin in 1188.[20]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Leper
| Comparing 2Kings the 12th Book and Numbers 12 with the 12th Century | |
|---|---|
| 2Kings 5 - Listen 1 Now Naaman, captain of the host of the king of Syria, was a great man with his master, and honourable, because by him the LORD had given deliverance unto Syria: he was also a mighty man in valour, [but he was] a leper. 2 And the Syrians had gone out by companies, and had brought away captive out of the land of Israel a little maid; and she waited on Naaman's wife. 3 And she said unto her mistress, Would God my lord [were] with the prophet that [is] in Samaria! for he would recover him of his leprosy. 4 And [one] went in, and told his lord, saying, Thus and thus said the maid that [is] of the land of Israel. 5 And the king of Syria said, Go to, go, and I will send a letter unto the king of Israel. And he departed, and took with him ten talents of silver, and six thousand [pieces] of gold, and ten changes of raiment. 6 And he brought the letter to the king of Israel, saying, Now when this letter is come unto thee, behold, I have [therewith] sent Naaman my servant to thee, that thou mayest recover him of his leprosy. 7 And it came to pass, when the king of Israel had read the letter, that he rent his clothes, and said, [Am] I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man doth send unto me to recover a man of his leprosy? wherefore consider, I pray you, and see how he seeketh a quarrel against me. 8 And it was [so], when Elisha the man of God had heard that the king of Israel had rent his clothes, that he sent to the king, saying, Wherefore hast thou rent thy clothes? let him come now to me, and he shall know that there is a prophet in Israel. 9 So Naaman came with his horses and with his chariot, and stood at the door of the house of Elisha. 10 And Elisha sent a messenger unto him, saying, Go and wash in Jordan seven times, and thy flesh shall come again to thee, and thou shalt be clean. 11 But Naaman was wroth, and went away, and said, Behold, I thought, He will surely come out to me, and stand, and call on the name of the LORD his God, and strike his hand over the place, and recover the leper. 12 [Are] not Abana and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? may I not wash in them, and be clean? So he turned and went away in a rage. 13 And his servants came near, and spake unto him, and said, My father, [if] the prophet had bid thee [do some] great thing, wouldest thou not have done [it]? how much rather then, when he saith to thee, Wash, and be clean? 14 Then went he down, and dipped himself seven times in Jordan, according to the saying of the man of God: and his flesh came again like unto the flesh of a little child, and he was clean. 15 And he returned to the man of God, he and all his company, and came, and stood before him: and he said, Behold, now I know that [there is] no God in all the earth, but in Israel: now therefore, I pray thee, take a blessing of thy servant. 16 But he said, [As] the LORD liveth, before whom I stand, I will receive none. And he urged him to take [it]; but he refused. 17 And Naaman said, Shall there not then, I pray thee, be given to thy servant two mules' burden of earth? for thy servant will henceforth offer neither burnt offering nor sacrifice unto other gods, but unto the LORD. 18 In this thing the LORD pardon thy servant, [that] when my master goeth into the house of Rimmon to worship there, and he leaneth on my hand, and I bow myself in the house of Rimmon: when I bow down myself in the house of Rimmon, the LORD pardon thy servant in this thing. 19 And he said unto him, Go in peace. So he departed from him a little way. 20 But Gehazi, the servant of Elisha the man of God, said, Behold, my master hath spared Naaman this Syrian, in not receiving at his hands that which he brought: but, [as] the LORD liveth, I will run after him, and take somewhat of him. 21 So Gehazi followed after Naaman. And when Naaman saw [him] running after him, he lighted down from the chariot to meet him, and said, [Is] all well? 22 And he said, All [is] well. My master hath sent me, saying, Behold, even now there be come to me from mount Ephraim two young men of the sons of the prophets: give them, I pray thee, a talent of silver, and two changes of garments. 23 And Naaman said, Be content, take two talents. And he urged him, and bound two talents of silver in two bags, with two changes of garments, and laid [them] upon two of his servants; and they bare [them] before him. 24 And when he came to the tower, he took [them] from their hand, and bestowed [them] in the house: and he let the men go, and they departed. 25 But he went in, and stood before his master. And Elisha said unto him, Whence [comest thou], Gehazi? And he said, Thy servant went no whither. 26 And he said unto him, Went not mine heart [with thee], when the man turned again from his chariot to meet thee? [Is it] a time to receive money, and to receive garments, and oliveyards, and vineyards, and sheep, and oxen, and menservants, and maidservants? 27 The leprosy therefore of Naaman shall cleave unto thee, and unto thy seed for ever. And he went out from his presence a leper [as white] as snow. | Numbers 12 - Listen 1 And Miriam and Aaron spake against Moses because of the Ethiopian woman whom he had married: for he had married an Ethiopian woman. 2 And they said, Hath the LORD indeed spoken only by Moses? hath he not spoken also by us? And the LORD heard [it]. 3 (Now the man Moses [was] very meek, above all the men which [were] upon the face of the earth.) 4 And the LORD spake suddenly unto Moses, and unto Aaron, and unto Miriam, Come out ye three unto the tabernacle of the congregation. And they three came out. 5 And the LORD came down in the pillar of the cloud, and stood [in] the door of the tabernacle, and called Aaron and Miriam: and they both came forth. 6 And he said, Hear now my words: If there be a prophet among you, [I] the LORD will make myself known unto him in a vision, [and] will speak unto him in a dream. 7 My servant Moses [is] not so, who [is] faithful in all mine house. 8 With him will I speak mouth to mouth, even apparently, and not in dark speeches; and the similitude of the LORD shall he behold: wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against my servant Moses? 9 And the anger of the LORD was kindled against them; and he departed. 10 And the cloud departed from off the tabernacle; and, behold, Miriam [became] leprous, [white] as snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold, [she was] leprous. 11 And Aaron said unto Moses, Alas, my lord, I beseech thee, lay not the sin upon us, wherein we have done foolishly, and wherein we have sinned. 12 Let her not be as one dead, of whom the flesh is half consumed when he cometh out of his mother's womb. 13 And Moses cried unto the LORD, saying, Heal her now, O God, I beseech thee. 14 And the LORD said unto Moses, If her father had but spit in her face, should she not be ashamed seven days? let her be shut out from the camp seven days, and after that let her be received in [again]. 15 And Miriam was shut out from the camp seven days: and the people journeyed not till Miriam was brought in [again]. 16 And afterward the people removed from Hazeroth, and pitched in the wilderness of Paran. |
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